Plantea la educación en línea nuevos problemas a la Ciencia de la Educación, que tiene un carácter dual: es Ciencia Social y Ciencia de lo Artificial. La mediación de la Tecnología refuerza la dimensión artificial de la Ciencia de la Educación, que se configura como una Ciencia de Diseño. Esto revierte en la vertiente interna y la dimensión externa de la actividad educativa. Este artículo ofrece un análisis filosófico-metodológico de la Educación mediada por la Tecnología. Lo hace desde el marco (...) teórico de las Ciencias de lo Artificial, lo que aporta novedad: por un lado, este enfoque es poco habitual; y, por otro, la Filosofía de la Ciencia apenas ha prestado atención a la Ciencia de la Educación. Dentro de este marco temático, para resolver problemas en los procesos de enseñanza mediados por la Tecnología, se contextualizan los diseños educativos como diseños científicos. Después se analizan sus límites para atender las distintas dimensiones de la Educación. (shrink)

En este trabajo se pretende revisar la controversia que Popper mantuvo con la teoríadarwiniana de la evolución. Se señala la presencia de nociones y ejemplos tomados deldarwinismo ya en los escritos de los años 30, el cuestionamento del evolucionismo al hiloda refutación del historicismo durante los cuarenta y los posteriores intentos por rehabilitarsu estatuto científico a partir de la década de los 60. Esta secuencia permite plantear que, sibien Popper trató de mostrar que su pensamiento social y político se funda (...) principalmenteen la epistemología, cabe considerar si son más bien sus valores sociales y políticos los queestablecen el carácter y los límites de su proyecto epistemológico, así como del resto de supensamiento. Se sugiere que el deseo de refutar el pretendido estatus científico de la teoríamarxista pudo ser la razón que lo determinaría a cuestionar el darwinismo que, por otraparte, siempre estuvo dispuesto a aceptar. (shrink)

El objetivo fue examinar el valor del ocio lúdico y cultural compartido entre abuelos y nietos para el bienestar de ambas generaciones. Se utilizaron técnicas cuantitativas -cuestionario ad hoc administrado a 1080 estudiantes de primaria- y cualitativas-2 grupos de discusión-. Las actividades lúdicas y culturales fueron preferentesen el ocio compartido, practicándose más con las abuelas. Como aportacionesdestacaron el incremento de la comunicación, la diversión, el aprendizaje mutuo y elbienestar afectivo. La práctica de ocio cultural y lúdico intergeneracional se asociópositivamente con (...) la valoración de una mejor relación entre nietos y abuelos. (shrink)

This article argues that thinking about entrepreneurship as a potential instrument for relief from endemic poverty and disadvantage, especially among the Indigenous, has all too often been captive to a concept of entrepreneurship that is built out of constrained economic and cultural assumptions. The authors develop this argument from a critical discussion of contributions by Karl Polanyi and Robert Heilbroner. The result is that approaches to venture have been encouraged that are sometimes a poor fit for the circumstances of those (...) they are meant to benefit, and other forms that could have considerable promise have gone unexplored. This article outlines some features of Indigenous culture and build on the analysis of David Harper to construct an improved notion of entrepreneurship that allows for these distinctive features. The article concludes that research and policy making concerning entrepreneurship as an instrument of development among the Indigenous need to be undertaken with this reconstructed understanding of entrepreneurship that is a better fit for the realities of Indigenous culture. (shrink)

Por incorporar a esperança na pedagogia crítica para, um só tempo, humanizar radicalmente a educação e transformar a sociedade, ele faz aumentar nossas expectativas sobre o que são capazes de fazer uma teoria e uma pedagogia ao construir um caminho que demonstra a indissociabilidade de ordem teórica e prática.

Spin is a fundamental and distinctive property of the electron, having far-reaching implications. Yet its purely formal treatment often blurs the physical content and meaning of the spin operator and associated observables. In this work we propose to advance in disclosing the meaning behind the formalism, by first recalling some basic facts about the one-particle spin operator. Consistently informed by and in line with the quantum formalism, we then proceed to analyse in detail the spin projection operator correlation function \=\left\langle (...) \left \left \right\rangle \) for the bipartite singlet state, and show it to be amenable to an unequivocal probabilistic reading. In particular, the calculation of \\) entails a partitioning of the probability space, which is dependent on the directions \.\) The derivation of the CHSH- or other Bell-type inequalities, on the other hand, does not consider such partitioning. This observation puts into question the applicability of Bell-type inequalities to the bipartite singlet spin state. (shrink)

This paper focuses on the evolution of the notion of completeness in contemporary logic. We discuss the differences between the notions of completeness of a theory, the completeness of a calculus, and the completeness of a logic in the light of Gödel's and Tarski's crucial contributions.We place special emphasis on understanding the differences in how these concepts were used then and now, as well as on the role they play in logic. Nevertheless, we can still observe a certain ambiguity in (...) the use of the close notions of completeness of a calculus and completeness of a logic. We analyze the state of the art under which Gödel's proof of completeness was developed, particularly when dealing with the decision problem for first-order logic. We believe that Gödel had to face the following dilemma: either semantics is decidable, in which case the completeness of the logic is trivial or, completeness is a critical property but in this case it cannot be obtained as a corollary of a previous decidability result. As far as first-order logic is concerned, our thesis is that the contemporary understanding of completeness of a calculus was born as a generalization of the concept of completeness of a theory. The last part of this study is devoted to Henkin's work concerning the generalization of his completeness proof to any logic from his initial work in type theory. (shrink)

Despite its potential implications for the objectivity of scientific knowledge, the claim that “scientific instruments are perspectival” has received little critical attention. I show that this claim is best understood as highlighting the dependence of instruments on different perspectives. When closely analyzed, instead of constituting a novel epistemic challenge, this dependence can be exploited to mount novel strategies for resolving two old epistemic problems: conceptual relativism and theory-ladeness. The novel content of this article consists in articulating and developing these strategies (...) by introducing two fine-grained notions of perspectives as the key units of analysis: “broad perspectives” and “narrow perspectives.”. (shrink)

Resumo: Focamos neste trabalho algumas das tensões vivenciadas por professores pesquisadores vinculados ao sistema de Pós-graduação brasileiro, no contexto das transformações recentes da universidade. Os protagonistas da PG buscam alternativas éticas para o que consideram descaminhos na produção de conhecimentos no contexto científico. O trabalho decorre dos resultados de um conjunto de pesquisas sobre temas associados à produção em nível stricto sensu, desenvolvidas na última década por diversos pesquisadores em grupos ou projetos de investigação. Os resultados vêm mostrando cada vez (...) maior interferência de organismos nacionais de regulação, controle e avaliação do sistema de PG no funcionamento da universidade, ferindo a sua autonomia. Em consequência, os professores pesquisadores que atuam na PG veem-se compelidos a obedecer a dois ‘patrões’, ou ‘senhorios’, cujas exigências são distintas e não raro antagônicas. Diante dos frequentes conflitos entre as exigências, prevalece a subserviência ao órgão externo, já que as próprias IES estão sob avaliação destes órgãos. Neste contexto, emerge o debate sobre a excelência da produção acadêmico-científica, trazendo-se à tona os limites da produção/produtivismo. Como contribuição trazemos a noção de pertinência territorial para pensar outra possível modalidade de excelência. Por fim, enriquecemos a discussão da problemática, a partir da perspectiva do pensamento decolonial, que envolve a crítica ao eurocentrismo vigente em nossa academia e propõe o ‘penso onde sou’ como caminho para que a produção científica encontre alternativas, conectadas com as realidades e necessidades dos territórios em que estão instaladas as universidades e seus programas de PG. (shrink)

This book seeks to resolve an issue that has divided psychoanalysts and other scholars of aggression for decades, namely the nature of aggression. The work expands and unifies the Freudian drive-based explanation of aggression into contemporary psychoanalytic theory and practice and brings Freudian theory into the 21st Century.

A Psicologia Comunitária pode ser defi nida como uma área da Psicologia Social da Libertação (Góis, 2005), voltada para a compreensão da atividade comunitária como atividade social significativa e consciente e para a compreensão dos seus reflexos nas dimensões objetivas e subjetivas. O presente arti..

El trabajo presenta los resultados del proyecto El paisaje sonoro como contexto de aprendizaje interactivo, transversal e interdisciplinar (PAISO) que se desarrolló durante los cursos 2019-2020 y 2020-2021 en la Facultad de Magisterio de la Universidad de Valencia. La muestra participante estuvo formada por 748 estudiantes de 16 asignaturas de los grados en Maestro/a en Educación Primaria e Infantil y los Másteres de Secundaria y Máster en Investigación en Didácticas Específicas de la Universidad de Valencia y de la Universidad de (...) Salamanca, entre los dos cursos académicos mencionados. (shrink)

Stress has been being pointed as the evil of the current world and can affect as much adults as children. The disorders associated with stress are varied, and people who suffer from it frequently present physical and psychological problems, influencing their behavior and social environment. The care..

Like other postmodern structures, post-industrial labour markets display more frequent and rapid changes and higher unpredictability. In these conditions, the world of work is less capable in providing individuals stable signals for the construction of their behaviours. This paper aims to examine both macro and micro factors that shape labour market participation and expectations related to employment outcomes. We explore statistical data from the World Values Survey Wave 7 collected from almost seventy thousands individuals around the world. Focusing on subjective (...) evaluations of expected employment outcomes, our results are relevant for better understanding labour market participation from a postmodern perspective. (shrink)

We introduce the papers in this special issue by providing an overarching perspective on the variety in kinds of commons and the ethical issues stemming from their diversity. Despite a long history of local commons management, recent decades have witnessed a surge of scholarly interest in the concept of “the commons,” including a growing management literature. This swell was impelled especially by Garrett Hardin’s paper of 1968, and the body of work generated by Elinor Ostrom and her colleagues. However, the (...) term itself has come to be used in a variety of ways. To contextualize its ethical dimensions, we map a number of commons-related concepts such as common-pool resources, common property regime, excludability and subtractability, common-pool resource types and commons or “commoning” as a source of production. Following a brief summary of papers in this special issue, the essay concludes with an identification of implications for research, practice and policy. (shrink)

El presente artículo analiza los puntos fundamentales de la asimilación por parte de Tomás de Aquino de la teoría aristotélica del vacío incidiendo en los elementos de concordia y distensión entre ambos autores. Se estudia el tratamiento ofrecido por el Aquinate a la cuestión del desplazamiento en espacios carentes de un medio que ofrezca resistencia, la transmisión por contacto del movimiento, la forma esférica del cosmos, el problema del vacío supracelestial y la introducción de un nuevo tipo de movimiento atribuible (...) exclusivamente a las sustancias espirituales separadas. (shrink)

Every legitimate exercise of political power owes its very existence to Church. On the other hand, every Church power lies in papal power. Therefore, the power of the Pope himself, even in earthy matters, is a total, absolute power, sine pondere, numero et mensura, as Egidio points out. Two powers, two swords but just a unique authority: that of the Pope.

This paper considers the UN efforts to introduce a legally binding Treaty on corporate accountability for human rights impacts in the context of other proposed legislation at country level, on the one hand, and existing voluntary initiatives like the UN Guiding Principles (2011), on the other. What we are interested in is whether the proposed Treaty signals a transition from voluntary initiatives (based on moral commitments) to law (that is, a focus on compliance), and the extent to which it might (...) stimulate or hinder links between judicial and non-judicial initiatives. The scholars who have explicitly addressed these two divides are – Michael Sandel, on theory v. practice; and Amartya Sen, on law v. morality. We engage with their views, in sections II and III respectively, seeking to build an integrated approach to help us overcome these dualisms. We further consider John Ruggie’s “principled pragmatism”, a strategy that he uses to build the Protect, Respect and Remedy (henceforth, PRR) Framework; and we invoke arguments from casuistry as well as a practice-focused deontology (Thomas Donaldson’s) in favour of an ethics ‘beyond cognition’, which we consider better suited than either utilitarian or principle-based theories to guide the debate on human rights. This is because it allows us to take non-rational factors into account (such as emotions and personal affiliations), when judging the kind of common good we consider worth pursuing. In the last section of the paper, we investigate whether and how might the Treaty illustrate the two divides, trying to (a) distinguish between purely legal elements and those of a wider nature, to do with morality; and (b) understand what might help bridge the gap between theoretical commitments to the universality of human rights and various practical challenges. Our aim is not to evaluate the Treaty, from a legal viewpoint, or suggest improvements to it (lawyers are better placed to do that); rather, we seek to investigate the way in which the proposed Treaty – which is the first attempt to address the challenge of transnational business and human rights in international law – combines moral and legal aspects, and what this tells us about the world we live in. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es contribuir a un conocimiento más exhaustivo de la historia socio-económica de al-Andalus en general y del tema de la pobreza involuntaria en particular. La literatura paremiológica andalusí proporciona un caudal de información nada desdeñable en relación con los diferentes aspectos relativos al tema en cuestión, tales como la concepción de la pobreza, sus causas y consecuencias, así como las distintas formas de contrarrestarla por parte de los afectados y del prójimo. El refranero andalusí pone (...) a nuestra disposición una serie de imágenes establecidas con respecto a los pobres y a su estado, permitiéndonos conocer los estímulos que esta realidad social provocaba entre la población. Desde este punto de vista, este tipo de documentación permite apreciar las prácticas sociales existentes en al-Andalus, las cuales dejan traslucir los valores morales y éticos de esta sociedad. (shrink)

Our paper reveals Professor Grigore T. Popaʼs view on medical ethics of anatomical teaching as he was bringing in Romania the experience of the Anglo-Saxon education from both England and the United States. We analysed his lecture: “What Anatomy is or is not?” where he introduced some ideas of medical ethics. Professor Popa considered that medical ethics and deontology are required whenever someone studies the anatomy of the human body. Anatomy teaches us the lesson of respect towards human body, and (...) so it can never be reduced to a useless science, since it expresses the spiritual nature of mankind. (shrink)

Este trabalho vinculou-se numa abordagem hermenêutica, analisou os discursos sobre a Ciência da Motricidade Humana, com atenção ao seu método de pesquisa. A Motricidade tem seus pressupostos assentes na fenomenologia, no pensamento complexo e no materialismo histórico dialético. Efetua diálogos com diversas correntes do pensamento científico sugerindo para as pesquisas que decorrem da sua teoria o método integrativo. O método integrativo converge com a idéia de transgressão metodológica, sendo um espaço de aproveitamento de todas as vertentes metodológicas, mas pode revelarincoerência (...) de um dado pressuposto teórico.Palavras-chave: Motricidade Humana; Método Integrativo; Transgressão This work was engaged to a hermeneutic approach, analyzed the speeches contained in the texts on the Human Motricity Science, with attention to their research method. The Motricity has its assumptions based on phenomenology, in complex thinking and the historical and dialectical materialism. Perform dialogues with various currents of scientific thought to research suggesting that stem from its integrative theory method. The integrative method converges with the idea of methodological transgression, with an area of exploitation of all methodological approaches, but can prove inconsistency of a given theoretical assumption. (shrink)

Art opens itself to many different functions. In principle, one cannot exclude that a work of art acts as stimulant or relaxant, that it provides cognitive benefits or serves social aims. However, the fact that it fulfills a certain function does not transform a product into an artistic creation, nor does it prevents it from being art. Rather the capacity to open an unlimited functional and meaningful space is what comprises the autonomy and the artistic quality of a work.